Talat Paşa

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Talat Paşa
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1874 yılında Edirne'de doğdu. İlk öğrenimini Vize ilçesinde yaptı. Edirne Askeri Rüştiyesi’ni bitirdi. Edirne Posta ve Telgraf idaresinde katiplik, Alyans İsrail Mektebi'nde Türkçe öğretmenliği görevlerinde bulundu. Çok genç yaşlarda siyasetle ilgilenmeye başladı. Sultan İkinci Abdülhamid Han’a karşı mücadele eden jöntürklerin çalışmalarına katıldı. Bir süre sonra tutuklandı. Selanik'te Posta ve Telgraf Müdürlüğü’nde memurluk ve başkatiplik yaptı. İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası adını alan Osmanlı Hürriyet Cemiyeti'ni kurdu.

İki defa İstanbul'a giderek İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin şubesini kurdu ve teşkilatlandırdı. İkinci Meşrutiyet'in ilanından sonra milletvekili oldu. Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa kabinesinde İçişleri Bakanlığı’na getirildi. Babıali Baskını’nı düzenleyenler arasında yer aldı. Edirne'nin Bulgar işgalinden kurtarılmasından sonra yapılan barış görüşmesine birinci delege olarak katıldı. 1917 yılında sadrazamlığa yani başbakanlığa getirildi. Birinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan çekilen Rusya ile Breslitowsk'da yapılan barış antlaşmasına Osmanlı Devleti adına katıldı. Temmuz 1918'de sadrazamlıktan ayrıldı.

Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Osmanlı Devleti için büyük bir yenilgiyle sonuçlanmasından sonra Ahmet İzzet Paşa'ya bıraktığı mektupta, millete karşı hesap vermek üzere geri geleceğini, gerekirse mahkemeye de çıkacağını bildirerek Almanya'ya gitti.

1921 yılında bir ermeni komitacısı tarafından şehit edildi.

ESERLERİ:

1.Talat Paşa'nın Anıları
Alpay Kabacalı
T.İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları / Edebiyat Dizisi

Talat Paşa, küçük bir posta memuruyken İttihat ve Terakkii örgütü içinde yükseldi, örgütün sivil kanadının lideri oldu. Türkiye, tarihinin en çalkantılı ve bunalımlı dönemini onun iktidarda bulunduğu yıllarda yaşadı. Ve O, Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarına kadar uzanan bir dizi siyasal gelişmenin merkezinde yer aldı... Talat Paşa'nın son yıllarında Berlin'de kaleme aldığı, günümüz Türkçesiyle sunduğumuz anıları çok yakın tarihin -serpintileri bugüne kadar uzanan- en önemli olaylarına ışık tutuyor. Kitapta ayrıca, Talat Paşa'yla ölümünden kısa bir süre önce üç gün boyunca görüşen İngiltere Gizli Haberalma Servisi elemanlarından Aubrey Herbert'in bu görüşmeyle ilgili anı ve notları yer alıyor.

HAKKINDA YAZILANLAR

İstiklal Harbimizde Enver Paşa ve İttihat Terakki Erkanı
Kazım Karabekir
Tekin Yayınevi

Kurtuluş Savaşımızın başlıca kahramanlarından biri olan rahmetli General Kazım Karabekir'in (1882-1948) bu eseri, 1. Dünya Savaşında Osmanlı ordularının başkomutanı olarak yenilgiye düşüp Avrupa'ya kaçmış olan Enver Paşa ile Cemal ve Talat Paşalar gibi İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (Fırkası) kurucuları ve erkanının özellikle Ulusal Kurtuluş Savaşı yıllarında yaptıklarını -belgelere dayanarak- anlatır. Önemli belgeler arasında Halk Şuralar Fırkası programı ile İslam İhtilal Cemiyetleri İttihadı nizamnamesi de vardır. 1920-23 yıllarını kapsayan bu değerli anılar, Enver Paşa'nın Kafkaslar'dan Orta Asya'daki feci öldürülüşüne kadar geçen bütün yaşamını anlattığı gibi, Onun ve yandaşlarının Kurtuluş Savaşındaki olumsuz etkinliklerini de belirtmektedir.

English Biography

TALAT PASHA

Mehmet Talat was born on 20 August 1874 in Edirne. After graduating from the military high school in his hometown, he could not continue to move further with a military career due to a fight he had with an officer. He became a clerk at Edirne Postal Administration and he simultaneously taught Turkish at a Jewish school, where he learned French from the daughter of the school’s principal.

Mehmet Talat was arrested in 1895 on the grounds of “activities against the regime”. He was imprisoned for 2 years and one month and in 1897, he was released following a general amnesty issued by Sultan Abdülhamit. He continued to work as a mobile post officer between Salonica and Monastir. Later, he became first a clerk and then the chief clerk at Salonica Postal Administration. He attended the Law School, but left the school at the second grade.

In 1906, Mehmet Talat and his friends founded the Ottoman Liberty Association, which would later merge with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). At the same time, he got involved in free-masonry as well. Istanbul was aware of his activities and he was sent to Anatolia. He was soon pardoned, thanks to the intervention of Inspector General Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa and allowed to return to Salonica and work as a school principal.

In 1908, before the proclamation of the Constitution, he went to Istanbul where he opened a branch of the CUP. After the Constitution was proclaimed and the new Parliament was opened, he became a Member of the Parliament from Edirne and on 23 December the same year, he was appointed as the First Deputy Chairman of the Parliament. He was already a leading figure in the CUP and he was rapidly climbing the ladders.

Mehmet Talat played an important role in the dethronement of Sultan Abdülhamit and in July 1919, he became the Minister of Interior in the cabinet formed by Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa. He was also the chairman of the parliamentary group of the CUP, which was rapidly and efficiently spreading its influence both in the capital and across the Empire.

When Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa resigned and the new cabinet was formed by Said Paşa, he became the Minister of Post and Telegraph. Soon the Balkan War broke out, hampering CUP’s desires to gain full power in the government.

Together with Enver, Mehmet Talat was one of the masterminds behind the coup d’etat of 23 January 1913, the so called “Raid on the Sublime Porte”. This incident, in which the Minister of War, Nazım Paşa, was assassinated, resulted in the resignation of the entire cabinet and Mahmut Şevket Paşa, who was supported by the CUP, became the new Grand Vizier.

Mahmut Şevket Paşa stayed in the office only for a few months, since he was murdered on 15 June 1913. The new government was formed by another CUP-protégé, Said Halim Paşa, who gave Talat the Ministry of Interior.

During the Second Balkan War, Mehmet Talat joined the army and took part in the recapture of Edirne from the Bulgarians. He also joined the peace negotiations in Istanbul as a delegate member.

Together with Enver Paşa (Minister of War) and Cemal Paşa (Minister of Navy), Talat Paşa was now a part of the “Triumvirate” ruling the country and he played an important role in Turkey’s entry to the World War. This triumvirate was, however, not without problems. There have been times when Talat had serious conflicts with Enver and Cemal. He was a civilian and he had total control on the civilian wing of the CUP, which was making the army-men, Enver and Cemal, uncomfortable.

During the war, in his capacity as the Minister of Interior, Talat Paşa had responsibility in the decision to move the Armenians from the war zones in eastern part of the country to Iraq and Syria. Many Armenians perished during this forced emigration.

After Said Halim Paşa’s resignation, Talat Paşa became the new Grand Vizier on 4 February 1917. He represented Turkey in the peace talks with Russia at Brest-Litovsk. A few days before the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 and when it became apparent that Sultan Vahidettin, who disliked the CUP, was going to change the government, Talat Paşa resigned.

The CUP held its last congress on 1 November 1918. Later that night, Talat Paşa, together with other CUP leaders, left Turkey on board of a German submarine. He went to Berlin, but he did not lose contact with Enver Paşa and Cemal Paşa. He was disguised under the name Sai Bey. In 1919, he attended the Socialist International in the Netherlands.

He also kept in touch with Mustafa Kemal Paşa, who was organising the resistance in Turkey. He continued to do politics following his pan-Islamic and pan-Turkish line. He communicated with the British, and in Berlin, he was also representing the Union of Islamic Revolt Associations. The strategy in his mind was to proceed in three wings, with himself in Berlin, Enver Paşa in Moscow and the Caucasus and Mustafa Kemal Paşa in Turkey.

Meanwhile, he was tried in absentia by a Military Tribunal in Istanbul and sentenced to death.

He did not live to bring his plans to life. On 15 March 1921, he was assassinated by an Armenian gunman named Soghomon Tehlirian in front of his apartment in Charlottenburg, Berlin. He was shot in the head from behind and he instantly died. The assassin was caught by a passer-by.

Soghomon Tehlirian, who was tried for manslaughter, claimed that he murdered Talat Paşa for revenge, because his family was killed during the Armenian deportations in Turkey. The German court did not even hear the Turkish witnesses and Tehlirian was acquitted after a cursory two day trial. For the next forty years, until his death in San Francisco in 1960, Tehlirian was accorded the status of an “Armenian National Hero”.

Talat Paşa was first buried in Berlin. On 25 February 1943, his remains were brought to Turkey to be reburied in Istanbul.